What are the Possible Complications?
Research has shown that if people with diabetes, together with their health care team, can manage their diabetes well, the risk of complications are greatly reduced and may be either prevented or significantly delayed. To download an information sheet about preventing diabetes complications click here.
Kidney Failure
The kidneys act as a filtering system for waste products. This filtering system is made up of many tiny blood vessels which can be damaged by raised blood glucose levels, high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels. If this damage continues to occur over a period of time, the kidney's stop working. Annual checkups lead to early discovery and early prevention of further damage.
Eye Damage
People with diabetes are at a high risk of eye damage. Eye damage occurs when small blood vessels in the retina (back of the eye) are damaged. It occurs over time and is a result of high blood glucose levels, high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol. This can lead to impaired vision or blindness. One to two yearly checkups lead to early discovery and early prevention of further damage.
Cardiovascular Disease
High blood glucose levels cause the blood to become thicker and stickier. This makes it harder for the heart to pump it around the body. High cholesterol and high blood pressure make the blood vessel walls thicker and harder. The increased pressure on the heart and blood vessels may result in heart attack, stroke (strokes occur in the brain) or blood vessel damage to the feet and arms (less common). Annual checkups lead to early discovery and early prevention of further damage
Nerve Damage and Foot Complications
Having high blood glucose for a long time can damage nerves. Nerves are like power cords and when the insulation gets damaged by high blood glucose levels, the signals do not get through properly. Nerve damage can result in loss of sensations in the feet and wounds can occur without the person noticing. Injuries unnoticed or untreated can lead to foot ulcers and amputation. Nerve damage can also cause pain often at the same time as having numb feet. Annual checkups lead to early discovery and early prevention of further damage.
Nerve damage can also affect:
- Blood pressure, with a severe drop when standing.
- The bladder as it may lose the signal to pass water and as a result not empty completely
- The stomach. It may take a lot longer for the food to pass from the stomach through to the small bowel, making it hard to predict affect of food on blood glucose levels and increasing the risk of low blood glucose levels
- The bowels, uncontrollable diahorrea may occur
Sexual Dysfunction
Erectile dysfunction for men and reduced sexual sensation for women can be a long-term problem with diabetes. It occurs when blood vessels or nerves in the area are damaged. Men may find it difficult to obtain or sustain an erection. Annual checkups lead to early discovery and early prevention of further damage.
